See below for a full list of states or visit this Google Doc. Not all states on the map could be labelled, because then the Holy Roman Empire (outlined in red) would be a mess. This is a map of Europe in the year 1500, created for the subreddit /r/empirepowers. Today’s borders are largely a product of the end of World World 2 and the Cold War. It’s a reminder that Europe’s borders are constantly evolving. Yet the vast majority of countries have passed into history from the Ottoman and north African Sultanates to the myriad of countries in Italy, the Holy Roman Empire, Livonian Confederation and Irish Kingdoms. It comprises the westernmost portion of Eurasia.
It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Asia to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
Other such as Hungary, Lithuania, Sweden and the Papal States are also recognisable although with borders far larger than their modern equivalents. Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. Some countries such as France and England are easily recognisable and largely occupy the same areas as their modern incarnations. The map above shows the patchwork of kingdoms, principalities, bishoprics, duchies, republics, cities, sultanates, etc.
